منابع مشابه
Selection Bias
data in Haneuse et al. [1] . The risk ratio of dementia by exposure in the total target population is 2.0, and is the true association (there is no confounding in our simple DAG; fig. 1 ). Table 1 shows the expected distribution by exposure and outcome by strata of dead/alive under the following assumptions: half of the population dies; there is a risk ratio of death for the exposed compared to...
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Language technology is biased toward English newswire. In POS tagging, we get 97–98 words right out of a 100 in English newswire, but results drop to about 8 out of 10 when running the same technology on Twitter data. In dependency parsing, we are able to identify the syntactic head of 9 out of 10 words in English newswire, but only 6–7 out of 10 in tweets. Replace references to Twitter with re...
متن کاملSelection on codon bias.
In a wide variety of organisms, synonymous codons are used with different frequencies, a phenomenon known as codon bias. Population genetic studies have shown that synonymous sites are under weak selection and that codon bias is maintained by a balance between selection, mutation, and genetic drift. It appears that the major cause for selection on codon bias is that certain preferred codons are...
متن کاملSample Selection Bias Correction Theory
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of sample selection bias correction. The sample bias correction technique commonly used in machine learning consists of reweighting the cost of an error on each training point of a biased sample to more closely reflect the unbiased distribution. This relies on weights derived by various estimation techniques based on finite samples. We analyze the effe...
متن کاملReward predictions bias attentional selection
Attention selects stimuli for perceptual and cognitive processing according to an adaptive selection schedule. It has long been known that attention selects stimuli that are task relevant or perceptually salient. Recent evidence has shown that stimuli previously associated with reward persistently capture attention involuntarily, even when they are no longer associated with reward. Here we exam...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Neuroepidemiology
سال: 2009
ISSN: 0251-5350,1423-0208
DOI: 10.1159/000197390